Dashboard Design

Design judgment for Grafana dashboards — what to build and how it should look. For authoring mechanics (MCP workflow, JSON templates, ConfigMap), see the grafana-dashboards skill. For alert and ServiceMonitor authoring, see monitoring-authoring.

---

Design Workflow

Define purpose → Layout hierarchy → Select panel types → Apply color/thresholds
     → Push via MCP → Screenshot review → Iterate → Hand off to grafana-dashboards

---

Step 1: Define Dashboard Purpose

One dashboard = one question it answers. Examples:

• "Is the platform healthy right now?" → Platform Home
• "Why is latency elevated?" → Service-level signals
• "How full is storage?" → Storage capacity

If you can't state the question in one sentence, split into multiple dashboards.

---

Step 2: Layout Hierarchy

Structure rows top-to-bottom by audience urgency (Z-pattern reading flow):

Row Position	Content	Panel Type
Hero (top)	Availability, error rate, SLO status	Stat (w:6, 3-4 panels)
Supporting	Latency/throughput trends, saturation	Timeseries (w:12 or w:24)
Detail	Per-resource breakdown, logs correlation	Table, Bar Gauge
Debug (bottom)	Raw counters, cardinality, internal stats	Collapsed rows

Grid widths (24-column grid):

• 4 stats per row: w:6 at x: 0, 6, 12, 18
• 3 panels per row: w:8 at x: 0, 8, 16
• 6 compact stats: w:4 at x: 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20
• Full-width: w:24

---

Step 3: Panel Type Selection

Data Pattern	Use	Why
Single current value	Stat	Instant read + threshold color
Trend over time	Timeseries	Shows rate/pattern changes
% of bounded range	Gauge	Circular fill = intuitive utilization
Multiple resources	Table	Scannable multi-row comparison
Categorical compare	Bar Gauge	Side-by-side without time axis
Binary state (0/1)	Stat + value mapping	Maps 0→"DOWN"/red, 1→"UP"/green

Stat panels dominate this codebase (54 stat : 42 timeseries : 18 gauge). Default to stat for KPIs, timeseries for anything with meaningful time shape.

---

Step 4: Color & Threshold Design

Two threshold modes — pick based on which direction is bad:

More-is-worse (errors, utilization, latency):

"steps": [
  { "color": "green", "value": null },
  { "color": "yellow", "value": 70 },
  { "color": "red", "value": 90 }
]

Less-is-worse (availability %, SLO compliance):

"steps": [
  { "color": "red", "value": null },
  { "color": "yellow", "value": 50 },
  { "color": "green", "value": 90 }
]

Binary (on/off, present/absent):

"mappings": [{ "type": "value", "options": {
  "0": { "text": "DOWN", "color": "red" },
  "1": { "text": "UP", "color": "green" }
}}]

Domain thresholds from this codebase:

Signal	Yellow	Red
DB connections %	60	80
Storage/PVC %	70	95
CPU/GPU temp (°C)	75	85
Backup age (s)	86400	172800

---

Step 5: Visual Review Loop

Use MCP get_panel_image for quick panel review during authoring:

MCP: get_panel_image  dashboardUid: "uid"  panelId: 1  width: 800  height: 400

Use Playwright for full-dashboard layout review (spacing, row flow, color consistency):

1. kubectl port-forward svc/grafana 3000:80 -n monitoring
2. Navigate to http://localhost:3000/d/<uid>
3. browser_take_screenshot → inspect layout, color, readability
4. Fix issues, push via MCP update_dashboard, re-screenshot

Check for: crowded rows, inconsistent threshold colors, missing panel titles, axes without units, buried golden signals.

---

Anti-Patterns

Mistake	Impact	Fix
Golden signals buried below fold	Missed during incidents	Move availability/error rate to hero row
All panels same size/weight	No hierarchy, eye wanders	Hero stats larger; detail rows compact
>6 panels per row	Unreadable on standard displays	Max 4 normal stats, 6 compact
Missing threshold steps	No visual status signal	Every stat and gauge needs thresholds
Decorative panels (icons, banners)	Noise, no decision value	Remove anything that doesn't drive action
One dashboard for everything	Cognitive overload	Split by audience/question
Static thresholds for traffic-sensitive metrics	Alert fatigue	Note context in panel description

---

Keywords

visual design, dashboard layout, panel hierarchy, information architecture, panel type selection, color semantics, thresholds, Z-pattern, golden signals, SLO, screenshot review, iterative design, Playwright, visual feedback, information density, stat panel, timeseries, gauge, table, bar gauge, value mapping, color conventions, grid layout