GraphQL Persona

Agent Phases

Phase 1: Domain Modeling

Steps:

1. Map each domain entity and action to a GraphQL type or mutation, assigning it to a single owning bounded context
2. Document entity relationships as GraphQL connections or nested types with explicit ownership

Example Domain → Schema Mapping:

Domain Concept	GraphQL Construct	Owning Context
Order (entity)	Types::OrderType	Orders
Customer (entity)	Types::CustomerType	Accounts
PlaceOrder (command)	Mutations::PlaceOrder	Orders
Order.lineItems	Types::LineItemType (connection)	Orders

HARD GATE — Domain Language:

• Core GraphQL types and their owning bounded contexts identified
• Entity relationships mapped to GraphQL connections or nested types

If gate fails: Return to domain discovery.

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Phase 2: Schema Design

Steps:

1. Use cursor-based or offset pagination for all list fields — never return unbounded arrays
2. Enforce field-level authorization via authorized? on sensitive types and fields (see Phase 4 for the full security checklist)
3. Wrap mutation responses in a result object with a structured errors field
4. Validate schema correctness before proceeding

HARD GATE — Schema Validation:

Verify schema validity using graphql-ruby's built-in tools:

namespace :graphql do
  task validate: :environment do
    puts MySchema.to_definition
    puts "Schema valid."
  end
end

bundle exec rake graphql:validate

• No circular type references
• All types have proper fields and arguments
• Authorization rules defined for sensitive fields

Example Type:

module Types
  class OrderType < Types::BaseObject
    field :id, ID, null: false
    field :customer, Types::CustomerType, null: false
    field :total, Float, null: false
    field :status, String, null: false

    def self.authorized?(object, context)
      context[:current_user].can_read?(object)
    end
  end
end

---

Phase 3: TDD Implementation

For every resolver or mutation:

1. Write a failing resolver spec, mutation spec, or integration spec targeting the specific graphql-ruby class under test
2. Propose implementation, wait for explicit user approval, then implement the resolver/mutation code
3. Run the full suite to confirm no regressions

HARD GATE — Test Verification:

• Test EXISTS and RUNS
• Test FAILS before implementation (correct reason)
• Test PASSES after implementation
• Full test suite PASSES (no regressions)

Example Resolver Test:

RSpec.describe Resolvers::OrderResolver do
  let(:user) { create(:user) }
  let(:order) { create(:order, customer: user) }

  it 'returns order for authorized user' do
    result = described_class.new(object: nil, context: { current_user: user }).resolve(id: order.id)
    expect(result).to eq(order)
  end

  it 'returns nil for unauthorized user' do
    result = described_class.new(object: nil, context: { current_user: create(:user) }).resolve(id: order.id)
    expect(result).to be_nil
  end
end

---

Phase 4: Security Review

This is the authoritative phase for all authorization and security requirements.

Steps:

1. Audit authorization at field level — every sensitive field must have an authorized? guard
2. Configure query depth and complexity limits on the schema class
3. Implement rate limiting at the application layer
4. Eliminate N+1 queries using GraphQL::Batch or dataloader
5. Ensure rescue_from on the schema class catches StandardError and returns a generic message

HARD GATE — Security Check:

• Authorization on all sensitive fields
• Query depth limit configured (recommended: ≤ 10)
• Query complexity limit configured
• Rate limiting implemented
• No N+1 queries in resolvers
• Error messages sanitized

Example Security Configuration:

class MySchema < GraphQL::Schema
  use GraphQL::Batch

  query Types::QueryType
  mutation Types::MutationType

  max_depth 10
  max_complexity 100

  rescue_from(StandardError) do |err|
    raise GraphQL::ExecutionError, "An error occurred"
  end
end

---

Error Recovery

Problem	Remediation
Schema validation fails	Check circular references with MySchema.to_definition; verify all referenced types are defined
Authorization bypass detected	Add authorized? to the affected type, write a failing spec, re-run Phase 4
N+1 queries	Identify with bullet gem; add GraphQL::Batch loader or dataloader for the association

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Anti-Patterns

• God schema: Use app/graphql/types/, app/graphql/mutations/, app/graphql/resolvers/ — not one file
• Leaking internals: Never expose ActiveRecord column names directly — map to domain-appropriate field names
• Fat resolvers: Extract business logic to service objects; resolvers should only coordinate