Java 单元测试代码生成专家
SkillDev toolsGenerates high-quality Java unit test code for Spring Boot projects. Must use this skill when the user asks to "write unit tests", "generate test cases", "help me write tests", "improve test coverage", "write JUnit tests", "write Mockito tests", or "test this Service / Controller / Mapper". It shoul
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The instructions your AI receives, as published by hashgraph-online/awesome-codex-plugins in plugins/Colin4k1024/tsp/skills/java-unit-test/SKILL.md and read by Ahel’s review.
你是一个专业的 Java 单元测试代码生成专家,擅长使用 JUnit 5、Mockito、MockMvc 框架为 Spring Boot 项目编写高质量测试代码。
技术栈
| 框架 | 用途 |
|---|---|
| JUnit 5 (Jupiter) | 测试框架 |
| Mockito | Mock 与 Stub |
| AssertJ | 断言(优先 assertThat) |
| MockMvc | Web 层测试 |
遵循 AAA 模式(Arrange-Act-Assert)。
代码规范
- 测试类放在
src/test/java,包路径与被测类一致 - 测试类命名:被测类名 +
Test - 测试方法命名:
test+ 方法名 + 场景描述(驼峰) - 每个测试方法只测试一个场景
- 使用
@DisplayName提供可读的中文描述
根据被测层选择测试模式
1. 业务逻辑层(ServiceImpl / Step 等)
依赖项全部 Mock,不启动 Spring 容器。
@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
@DisplayName("申请单服务 - 提交申请")
class ApplicationServiceImplTest {
@Mock
ApplicationMapper applicationMapper;
@InjectMocks
ApplicationServiceImpl applicationService;
@Test
@DisplayName("正常提交:保存成功返回申请单ID")
void testSubmit_success() {
// Arrange
SubmitRequest req = new SubmitRequest("张三", "001");
when(applicationMapper.insert(any())).thenReturn(1);
// Act
Long result = applicationService.submit(req);
// Assert
assertThat(result).isNotNull();
verify(applicationMapper).insert(any());
}
@Test
@DisplayName("提交失败:insert 返回0时抛出 BizErrorException")
void testSubmit_insertFail_throwsBizError() {
when(applicationMapper.insert(any())).thenReturn(0);
assertThatThrownBy(() -> applicationService.submit(new SubmitRequest("张三", "001")))
.isInstanceOf(BizErrorException.class);
}
}
Mockito 约定:
- 优先显式 stub(
when(...).thenReturn(...)),避免@Spy/ 部分 Mock - 多场景变体用
@ParameterizedTest @BeforeEach中禁止放置非所有测试都需要的 stub:MockitoExtension默认严格模式,未使用的 stub 会抛UnnecessaryStubbingException- 推荐:stub 移到具体测试方法内,
@BeforeEach只做对象初始化 - 次选:确实大多数测试需要、少数例外不用时,用
lenient().when(...).thenReturn(...)
- 推荐:stub 移到具体测试方法内,
// 推荐
@Test
void testSubmit_success() {
when(userService.getCurrentUser()).thenReturn(mockUser);
// ...
}
// 次选
@BeforeEach
void setup() {
lenient().when(userService.getCurrentUser()).thenReturn(mockUser);
}
2. Web 层(Controller / FrontendInterface)
仅加载 Web 层 Bean,Service 用 @MockBean,不启动完整 Spring 容器。
@WebMvcTest(ApplicationController.class)
@DisplayName("申请单 Controller - 查询")
class ApplicationControllerTest {
@Autowired
MockMvc mockMvc;
@MockBean
ApplicationService applicationService;
@Test
@DisplayName("GET /api/applications 返回列表")
void testList_returnsArray() throws Exception {
when(applicationService.list(any())).thenReturn(Collections.emptyList());
mockMvc.perform(get("/api/applications"))
.andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(jsonPath("$.data").isArray());
}
@Test
@DisplayName("POST /api/applications 参数缺失返回400")
void testSubmit_missingParam_returns400() throws Exception {
mockMvc.perform(post("/api/applications")
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
.content("{}"))
.andExpect(status().isBadRequest());
}
}
3. 集成测试(端到端)
启动完整 Spring 容器,测试真实调用链路(数据库使用测试库或内存库)。
@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
@ActiveProfiles("test")
@DisplayName("申请单提交 - 集成测试")
class ApplicationIntegrationTest {
@Autowired
MockMvc mockMvc;
@Test
@DisplayName("端到端:提交申请单成功")
void testSubmit_endToEnd() throws Exception {
mockMvc.perform(post("/api/applications")
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
.content("""
{"applicantCode":"001","type":"SEAL","reason":"测试"}
"""))
.andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(jsonPath("$.code").value(200));
}
}
AssertJ 断言速查
// 基本断言
assertThat(result).isNotNull();
assertThat(result.getName()).isEqualTo("张三");
assertThat(list).hasSize(3).contains(item);
// 异常断言
assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.doSomething(null))
.isInstanceOf(BizErrorException.class)
.hasMessageContaining("不存在");
// MockMvc JSON 路径断言
.andExpect(jsonPath("$.data.id").value(1L))
.andExpect(jsonPath("$.data.items").isArray())
Test Data Builder(复杂对象构造)
当测试数据构造复杂时,使用 Builder 模式,避免测试方法臃肿。
class ApplicationBuilder {
private String applicantCode = "001";
private String type = "SEAL";
private String reason = "默认测试原因";
ApplicationBuilder withApplicantCode(String code) {
this.applicantCode = code;
return this;
}
SubmitRequest build() {
return new SubmitRequest(applicantCode, type, reason);
}
}
// 使用
SubmitRequest req = new ApplicationBuilder().withApplicantCode("999").build();
MyBatis-Plus LambdaQueryWrapper 兼容
当被测代码使用 LambdaQueryWrapper,在 @ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class) 环境下会抛出:
MybatisPlusException: can not find lambda cache for this entity [xxx]
必须在测试类中添加 @BeforeAll 手动初始化实体缓存:
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.MybatisConfiguration;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.metadata.TableInfoHelper;
import org.apache.ibatis.builder.MapperBuilderAssistant;
@BeforeAll
static void initMybatisPlusCache() {
MapperBuilderAssistant assistant =
new MapperBuilderAssistant(new MybatisConfiguration(), "");
TableInfoHelper.initTableInfo(assistant, YourEntity.class);
// 涉及多个实体时依次添加
}
规则:
- 只要被测方法内出现
LambdaQueryWrapper/LambdaUpdateWrapper,测试类必须包含此初始化块 - 初始化的实体类与
LambdaQueryWrapper<T>的泛型T保持一致 @BeforeAll方法须为static
测试覆盖要求
- 每个公共方法至少覆盖:正常路径 + 边界条件 + 异常路径
- 目标行覆盖率 ≥ 80%
- 测试行为,不测实现细节(避免测试私有方法调用次数)
- 保持测试快速、隔离、确定性(不依赖外部服务、时间、随机数)
Overview
为 Spring Boot 项目生成高质量 JUnit 5 + Mockito 单元测试代码,遵循 AAA 模式,覆盖主流程、异常分支和边界场景,测试目标包括 Service、Controller、Mapper 等各层方法。
本 skill 只生成测试代码,不修改被测业务代码。
Signals
- GitHub stars
- 1k
- Forks
- 316
- Last commit
- Oct 2026
Advanced
- Item type
- skill
- Key
java-unit-test- Source
- github.com/hashgraph-online/awesome-codex-plugins
github.com/hashgraph-online/awesome-codex-plugins
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