Spec Authoring Guide

Spec Writing Process

1. Parse the Feature Description

• Determine spec_type from workflow context or spec frontmatter; default to product if absent.
• Extract: actors, actions, data, constraints, dependencies, deliverables.
• Empty normalized description → ERROR "No feature description provided".

2. Fill the Template

Use assets/spec-template.md. Replace all placeholders; remove sections that don't apply to the chosen spec_type.

3. Product Specs (spec_type: product)

• Assign P1–P3+. Each user story independently testable; P1 alone yields viable MVP.
• Action-noun format for story titles.
• Include Given/When/Then acceptance scenarios.
• "Why this priority": required for ALL priorities including P1. One-line rationale. Use priority criteria: P1 = core value proposition / blocks everything else / security-critical; P2 = significant value but MVP works without / enhances P1 flows; P3 = nice-to-have / future foundation / polish.
• "Independent Test": one sentence — what to demo/test.
• Max 200 words per story excluding acceptance scenarios.

4. Technical Specs (spec_type: technical)

• Assign P1–P3+ to Technical Objectives.
• Each objective: one independently-validatable system/framework/schema/integration capability.
• "Why this priority": required for ALL priorities including P1. Same criteria as product specs.
• Include Rationale (architecture, migration, platform, integration needs).
• Include Deliverables (libraries, modules, schemas, configs, migration assets).
• Include Validation Criteria (precondition → technical action → expected behavior).

5. Operational Specs (spec_type: operational)

• Assign P1–P3+ to Operational Objectives.
• Each objective: one operational capability (deployment, observability, recovery, governance).
• "Why this priority": required for ALL priorities including P1. Same criteria as product specs.
• Include Rationale (deployment, reliability, compliance, operations needs).
• Include Deliverables (pipeline config, IaC, dashboards, alerts, runbooks).
• Include Verification Criteria (environment state → operational action → expected outcome).

6. Handle Unclear Aspects

• Make informed guesses from context and industry standards.
• Use [NEEDS CLARIFICATION: specific question] only when:
  • Uncertainty materially affects scope, security/privacy, or critical behavior.
  • Multiple reasonable interpretations with different implications exist.
  • No reasonable default exists.
• Max 3 markers. Priority: scope > security/privacy > UX/operator flow > technical detail.
• Present clarifications as tables with options and implications.

7. Generate Requirements

• Each requirement must be testable.
• Every requirement must use the parser-safe ownership grammar - **(FR|TR|OR|RR)-###** [US#|OBJ#]: description. Product requirements reference exactly one existing US#; technical, operational, and runbook requirements reference exactly one existing OBJ#. The owner's declared priority is the requirement priority; never infer ownership or priority from document proximity.
• Family by spec_type:
  • Product: - **FR-###** [US#]: System MUST [specific capability]
  • Technical: - **TR-###** [OBJ#]: System MUST [specific technical capability]
  • Operational: - **OR-###** [OBJ#]: System MUST [specific operational capability]
• Operational specs may include - **RR-###** [OBJ#]: A runbook MUST exist for [scenario].
• Every P1 work item must own at least one requirement. Validate generated specs with node scripts/parse-requirement-ownership.mjs FEATURE_DIR/spec.md.
• Use reasonable defaults for unspecified low-impact details.

8. Define Success Criteria

All success criteria: measurable and verifiable. Each SC-### must reference its parent work item: SC-001 [US1]: ... (product) or SC-001 [OBJ1]: ... (technical/operational). Every P1 story or objective must have at least one SC.

• Product: technology-agnostic, user/business-outcome focused.
  • Good: SC-001 [US1]: Users can complete checkout in under 3 minutes
  • Bad: SC-001: API response time is under 200ms
• Technical: metrics measuring capability, reliability, migration safety, performance, or coverage. Avoid vendor-specific trivia unless spec depends on it.
• Operational: metrics measuring deploy speed, recovery, alerting, observability, uptime, or compliance. Avoid implementation detail belonging in plan.

9. Write Problem Statement

Mandatory for all spec types. 2-4 sentences covering: current pain point or opportunity, trigger/motivation, who is affected, consequences of inaction. Place at the top of the spec, before work items.

10. Define Scope

Mandatory for all spec types.

• Included: Bullet list of what is in scope for this feature.
• Excluded: Bullet list of items explicitly deferred or out of scope, each with a brief rationale.
• Edge Cases & Boundaries: Boundary conditions, error scenarios, failure modes.

11. Document Assumptions & Risks

Mandatory for all spec types.

• Assumptions: Things taken as true without explicit confirmation (max 5). Example: "Users have modern browsers with JavaScript enabled."
• Risks: Identified threats to delivery with likelihood/impact indication (max 3). Example: "Third-party API rate limits may throttle bulk operations (likelihood: medium, impact: high)."

12. Tag Implementation Signals

Mandatory for all spec types. Lightweight tags that tell the plan phase what to architect without prescribing how. Valid tags: NEW-ENTITY, NEW-API, NEW-UI, MIGRATION, EXTERNAL-SERVICE, BREAKING-CHANGE, NEW-WORKER, NEW-CONFIG. Each tag gets a brief description.

13. Add Glossary (Conditional)

Include when the spec introduces 2+ domain-specific terms. Table format: | Term | Definition |. Keep definitions precise and consistent with usage throughout the spec.

Epic-Type-Aware Authoring

Adapt writing process based on spec_type frontmatter:

Product specs (spec_type: product)

• Default behavior. Focus: WHAT users need and WHY.
• Success criteria: user-focused, technology-agnostic.

Technical specs (spec_type: technical)

• Replace user stories with Technical Objectives.
• Actors: systems and developers. Success criteria: technical metrics valid.
• Requirements: TR-###. Must include Integration Points.
• Defaults shift toward standard engineering practices for detected stack.

Operational specs (spec_type: operational)

• Replace user stories with Operational Objectives.
• Actors: operators, SREs, CI/CD systems, environment owners.
• Requirements: OR-###. Runbooks: RR-###. Must include Integration Points.
• Defaults shift toward deployment model and observability baseline from project context.

Section Requirements

Section	Product	Technical	Operational
Problem Statement	Mandatory	Mandatory	Mandatory
Scope	Mandatory	Mandatory	Mandatory
User Scenarios & Testing	Mandatory	N/A	N/A
Technical Objectives	N/A	Mandatory	N/A
Operational Objectives	N/A	N/A	Mandatory
Integration Points	N/A	Mandatory	Mandatory
Requirements	Mandatory (FR-)	Mandatory (TR-)	Mandatory (OR-)
Runbook Requirements	N/A	N/A	If applicable (RR-)
Key Entities	If applicable	If applicable	N/A
Assumptions & Risks	Mandatory	Mandatory	Mandatory
Implementation Signals	Mandatory	Mandatory	Mandatory
Success Criteria	Mandatory	Mandatory	Mandatory
Glossary	If applicable	If applicable	If applicable
Stress-Test Findings	Optional	Optional	Optional

Size Budget

Keep spec.md ≤ 10KB. If exceeded: consolidate overlapping requirements, tighten prose, defer low-impact detail to clarification. For specs approaching the limit, consider whether the feature should be decomposed into multiple epics first.

Artifact Conventions

Preservation rules: see AGENTS.md §Artifact Conventions. Consult the expanded reference only for exceptions or remediation details not covered by the primer.

Spec-specific rule: Do NOT add top-level sections outside the allowed set for the active spec_type.

Quick Rules

• Product specs: WHAT users need and WHY.
• Technical specs: WHAT the system must be capable of and WHY.
• Operational specs: WHAT operational capability must exist and WHY.
• Avoid implementation detail belonging in plan.md; name concrete deliverables when spec type requires them.
• No embedded checklists (separate via /sddp-checklist).

Reasonable Defaults (don't ask about these)

• Product: industry-standard retention, performance, error handling for domain.
• Technical: standard engineering practices for framework layout, migration safety, compatibility.
• Operational: standard CI/CD, environment promotion, observability baselines.
• Integration: well-documented interfaces, explicit ownership boundaries unless input says otherwise.

Ambiguity Scan Categories

Full taxonomy in references/ambiguity-categories.md — read only when scanning for ambiguities (during /sddp-clarify or /sddp-analyze), not during initial spec generation. Interpret categories relative to spec_type: user journeys (product), system/developer flows (technical), operator/environment flows (operational).