2d-pixel-perfect

Set up, diagnose, and fix pixel perfect 2D rendering in Unity projects.

---

⚠️ There Are Two Completely Separate Implementations

Pixel perfect rendering in Unity is not one system — it is two separate, incompatible implementations, one per render pipeline. Always detect the pipeline before writing or diagnosing any code.

	URP	Built-in
Component	UnityEngine.Rendering.Universal.PixelPerfectCamera	UnityEngine.U2D.PixelPerfectCamera
Package	Built into URP — no extra install	com.unity.2d.pixel-perfect v6.0.0+
API style	Enums (gridSnapping, cropFrame)	Booleans (pixelSnapping, upscaleRT, cropFrameX/Y)

Do not install com.unity.2d.pixel-perfect in a URP project.

→ Always call DetectPipeline() first (references/pipeline-detection.cs), then branch your setup, diagnostics, and fixes based on the result.

---

When NOT to use this skill

• HD 2D or high-resolution 2D games — pixel snapping and point filtering will make smooth art look wrong
• UI-only scenes — use Canvas Scaler instead
• HDRP projects — Pixel Perfect Camera is not supported

---

Critical Reminders

⚠️ Detect the render pipeline first — URP and Built-in use different Pixel Perfect Camera components that are not interchangeable. ⚠️ Filter Mode = Point is the #1 fix — bilinear filtering is Unity's default and is almost always the cause of blurry sprites. ⚠️ Anti-Aliasing must be disabled — in Quality Settings and on the camera. AA actively blurs pixel edges.

Key Principles

1. Pipeline Detection & Camera Component Selection

See the two-path comparison table at the top of this file. Assembly name note: the standalone Built-in package installs into a Runtime/ folder, but the asmdef "name" field is Unity.2D.PixelPerfect — no Runtime suffix. HDRP is unsupported — see the HDRP fallback section under Common Issues.

→ Code: references/pipeline-detection.cs — DetectPipeline(), GetPixelPerfectCameraType(), and migration mismatch check.

2. Diagnostic-First Approach

Always diagnose before making changes. Report findings, then fix only what is broken.

3. Work in the correct scope

Default to scene scope. Scan project-wide only when the user explicitly requests it.

---

Diagnostic Checklist

Sprite import settings:

• Filter Mode = Point (no filter) on all in-scope sprites
• Mip Maps = disabled
• Compression = None / Uncompressed
• PPU consistent across all sprites in scene
• Sprite pivots set to Custom / Pixels mode — a center pivot on an odd-dimension sprite (e.g. 15×15) lands at 7.5px, causing 0.5px misalignment

→ Code: references/sprite-settings.cs — GetImporter() and FixSpriteImportSettings().

Editor snap settings:

• Grid Size = 1 / assetsPPU on all axes (e.g. PPU 16 → 0.0625, PPU 100 → 0.01)
• Grid Snapping enabled in the Grid and Snap overlay
• To snap existing GameObjects: select them → Align Selected → All Axes

Camera setup:

• Camera projection = Orthographic
• Pixel Perfect Camera component present and correct type for pipeline
• allowHDR, allowMSAA, allowDynamicResolution all false
• Scene view shows two green bounding boxes on the camera gizmo — solid = visible area, dotted = reference resolution

→ Code: references/camera-setup-urp.cs — full URP camera + PP Camera configuration. → Code: references/camera-setup-builtin.cs — Built-in standalone configuration.

Project quality settings:

• Anti-Aliasing = 0 in Quality Settings
• Anisotropic Filtering = Disabled

---

API Reference

Full property/method tables, GridSnapping and CropFrame enum values, and recommended configurations: → references/api-reference.md — read this when writing or reviewing camera setup code.

Quick enum summary:

GridSnapping: None · PixelSnapping (standard) · UpscaleRenderTexture (authentic low-res; incompatible with post-processing and UI text)

CropFrame: None · Pillarbox · Letterbox · Windowbox (safest default) · StretchFill

---

Reference Resolution

Choose before building any assets. Never change after asset production starts.

Reference resolution	1080p	1440p	4K
320 × 180	6×	8×	12×
480 × 270	4×	~5.3×	8×
640 × 360	3×	4×	6×

320×180 is the safest general choice. For screens with no integer fit (e.g. 1366×768), use cropFrame = Windowbox to add black bars rather than stretching to a fractional scale.

---

Migration & Compatibility

URP project with the Built-in standalone component

Symptom: DetectPipeline() returns URP but camera has UnityEngine.U2D.PixelPerfectCamera. Symptoms are subtle because the standalone component has ENABLE_URP conditional code.

Fix:

1. Remove com.unity.2d.pixel-perfect from Package Manager
2. Remove UnityEngine.U2D.PixelPerfectCamera from each camera
3. Add UnityEngine.Rendering.Universal.PixelPerfectCamera
4. Reconfigure — booleans (pixelSnapping, upscaleRT, cropFrameX/Y) become enums (gridSnapping, cropFrame)

→ Detection code: references/pipeline-detection.cs (bottom of file).

Old URP namespace (pre-Unity 2022 / URP pre-13.x)

Symptom: Compiler errors referencing UnityEngine.Experimental.Rendering.Universal.

Fix: Replace using UnityEngine.Experimental.Rendering.Universal; with using UnityEngine.Rendering.Universal;. Update any assembly-qualified type strings. The [MovedFrom] attribute handles serialization automatically — components on GameObjects survive the upgrade.

---

Common Issues & Solutions

Blurry sprites

Fix: Set Filter Mode to Point on all in-scope sprites, disable Mip Maps, disable AA in Quality Settings. → Code: references/sprite-settings.cs

Tilemap gaps between tiles

Work through in order — workarounds like negative cell gap or PPU = 31.99 break when the camera moves.

#	Check	Fix
1	Sprite Atlas with Tight Packing off, Padding ≥ 4, Sprite Packer Mode enabled?	Enable Sprite Packer Mode in Editor settings; on the atlas set Padding ≥ 4 and turn Tight Packing off
2	Mipmaps disabled on tileset textures and atlas?	Disable Generate Mip Maps
3	AA = 0, MSAA off on camera?	Disable AA globally
4	Compression = None?	RGBA 32-bit uncompressed
5	All tile sprites have even pixel dimensions?	Odd dimensions cause 0.5px grid offset
6	PPU = tile pixel width? (16×16 → PPU 16)	PPU mismatch leaves physical gaps
7	Gaps only during camera movement after all above pass?	Use PP Camera pixel snapping; do not use cellGap = -0.01f

Cinemachine conflict

Cause: Both Cinemachine and the Pixel Perfect Camera write to orthographic size every frame.

Fix: Add CinemachinePixelPerfect extension via the Add Extension dropdown on each Virtual Camera. Do not add it via AddComponent in code.

Known limitations:

• Camera blends between virtual cameras are not pixel-perfect during transitions
• UpscaleRenderTexture reduces valid pixel-perfect ortho sizes, which may cause framing to deviate
• Target Group + Framing Transposer causes visible choppiness (no fix available)

Post-processing blur with upscaleRT

Cause: Post-processing runs after the PP Camera upscales the render texture.

Simple fix: Disable upscaleRT. Post-processing then runs at native screen resolution.

Advanced fix (Unity 6 URP): Inject a ScriptableRendererFeature2D at RenderPassEvent2D.AfterRenderingPostProcessing. Use 2D-specific base classes — ScriptableRendererFeature (3D base class) is silently ignored in a URP 2D renderer.

UI text blurry with upscaleRT

Status: Known Unity bug, declined to fix (still present Unity 6, 2025).

Root causes: (A) Canvas renders into the low-res buffer and is upscaled with the scene. (B) TMP's SDF gradient threshold is miscalibrated at low reference resolutions.

Fixes in order of reliability:

1. Screen Space - Overlay on Canvas — bypasses the camera, renders at native resolution
2. Dedicated UI camera with no PP Camera component, Screen Space - Camera mode
3. Unity 6 only: Font Material → Debug Settings → Sharpness = 1 (mitigates B, not A)

Physics / render desync (micro-stutter)

Cause: Physics runs at a fixed timestep; interpolated positions produce fractional values that snap to different pixels each frame.

Fix:

• Enable Rigidbody2D.interpolation = RigidbodyInterpolation2D.Interpolate on physics-driven sprites
• Set Time.fixedDeltaTime = 1f / 60f to match target frame rate
• Keep camera tracking in LateUpdate, not FixedUpdate

Non-integer scaling / pixel decimation

Cause: Screen resolution is not a clean integer multiple of the reference resolution.

Fix: Choose a reference resolution from the table above. Use cropFrame = Windowbox when no integer fit exists.

Missing URP 2D Renderer

Fix:

1. Assets > Create > Rendering > URP 2D Renderer Data
2. Assign it to your URP Asset under Renderer List
3. Requires com.unity.render-pipelines.universal 12.0+

HDRP fallback

Pixel Perfect Camera is unsupported in HDRP.

Built-in / Unity 5.x: Use RenderTexture + Graphics.Blit with FilterMode.Point.

Unity 6 URP: Use ScriptableRendererFeature2D + ScriptableRenderPass2D injected at RenderPassEvent2D.AfterRendering with AddRasterRenderPass. Note: OnRenderImage and Graphics.Blit are incompatible with Unity 6's render graph.