macOS Notarization

Use this skill when you need to notarize a macOS app for distribution outside the App Store.

Preconditions

• Xcode installed and command line tools configured.
• Auth is configured (asc auth login or ASC_* env vars).
• A Developer ID Application certificate in the local keychain.
• The app's Xcode project builds for macOS.

Preflight: Verify Signing Identity

Before archiving, confirm a valid Developer ID Application identity exists:

security find-identity -v -p codesigning | grep "Developer ID Application"

If no identity is found, create one at https://developer.apple.com/account/resources/certificates/add (the App Store Connect API does not support creating Developer ID certificates).

Inspect Trust Settings

If codesign or xcodebuild fails with "Invalid trust settings" or "errSecInternalComponent", the certificate may have custom trust overrides that break the chain:

# Check for custom trust settings
security dump-trust-settings 2>&1 | grep -A1 "Developer ID"

These errors do not by themselves prove a trust override is the cause. Inspect the affected certificate before proposing a repair. Changing trust settings requires explicit authorization for that certificate; do not remove trust overrides or re-sign an arbitrary app as a diagnostic step.

Step 1: Archive

xcodebuild archive \
  -scheme "YourMacScheme" \
  -configuration Release \
  -archivePath /tmp/YourApp.xcarchive \
  -destination "generic/platform=macOS"

Step 2: Export with Developer ID

Create an ExportOptions plist for Developer ID distribution:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
    <key>method</key>
    <string>developer-id</string>
    <key>signingStyle</key>
    <string>automatic</string>
    <key>teamID</key>
    <string>YOUR_TEAM_ID</string>
</dict>
</plist>

Export the archive:

xcodebuild -exportArchive \
  -archivePath /tmp/YourApp.xcarchive \
  -exportPath /tmp/YourAppExport \
  -exportOptionsPlist ExportOptions.plist

This produces a .app bundle signed with Developer ID Application and a secure timestamp.

Verify the Export

Verify the exported app's existing signature and nested code, then display its signing details:

codesign --verify --deep --strict --verbose=2 "/tmp/YourAppExport/YourApp.app" && \
  codesign --display --verbose=4 "/tmp/YourAppExport/YourApp.app" 2>&1

Confirm:

• The verification command exits successfully; displaying signing details alone does not validate the signature
• The Authority chain is Developer ID Application → Developer ID Certification Authority → Apple Root CA, with the expected TeamIdentifier
• A Timestamp is present

Stop before packaging or uploading if verification fails or the signing identity is unexpected. Diagnose the failure and rebuild or re-export the intended app before checking again. These checks do not modify the bundle and do not establish notarization acceptance.

Do not add --sign or --force to verification. Apple's code-signing guidance distinguishes recursive verification with --deep from signing with --deep --force, which forcibly re-signs nested code.

Step 3: Create a ZIP for Notarization

ditto -c -k --keepParent "/tmp/YourAppExport/YourApp.app" "/tmp/YourAppExport/YourApp.zip"

Step 4: Submit for Notarization

Fire-and-forget

asc notarization submit --file "/tmp/YourAppExport/YourApp.zip"

Wait for result

asc notarization submit --file "/tmp/YourAppExport/YourApp.zip" --wait

Custom polling

asc notarization submit --file "/tmp/YourAppExport/YourApp.zip" --wait --poll-interval 30s --timeout 1h

Step 5: Check Results

Status

asc notarization status --id "SUBMISSION_ID" --output table

Developer Log (for failures)

asc notarization log --id "SUBMISSION_ID"

Fetch the log URL to see detailed issues:

curl -sL "LOG_URL" | python3 -m json.tool

List Previous Submissions

asc notarization list --output table
asc notarization list --limit 5 --output table

Step 6: Staple (Optional)

After notarization succeeds, staple the ticket so the app works offline:

xcrun stapler staple "/tmp/YourAppExport/YourApp.app"

For DMG or PKG distribution, staple after creating the container:

# Create DMG
hdiutil create -volname "YourApp" -srcfolder "/tmp/YourAppExport/YourApp.app" -ov -format UDZO "/tmp/YourApp.dmg"
xcrun stapler staple "/tmp/YourApp.dmg"

Supported File Formats

Format	Use Case
.zip	Simplest; zip a signed .app bundle
.dmg	Disk image for drag-and-drop install
.pkg	Installer package (requires Developer ID Installer certificate)

PKG Notarization

To notarize .pkg files, you need a Developer ID Installer certificate (separate from Developer ID Application). This certificate type is not available through the App Store Connect API — create it at https://developer.apple.com/account/resources/certificates/add.

Sign the package:

productsign --sign "Developer ID Installer: YOUR NAME (TEAM_ID)" unsigned.pkg signed.pkg

Then submit:

asc notarization submit --file signed.pkg --wait

Troubleshooting

"Invalid trust settings" during export

Custom trust overrides are one possible cause. Use the read-only inspection in Preflight, identify the affected certificate, and obtain authorization before changing its trust settings.

"The binary is not signed with a valid Developer ID certificate"

The app was signed with a Development or App Store certificate. Re-export with method: developer-id in ExportOptions.plist.

"The signature does not include a secure timestamp"

Add --timestamp to manual codesign calls, or use xcodebuild -exportArchive which adds timestamps automatically.

Upload timeout for large files

Set a longer upload timeout:

ASC_UPLOAD_TIMEOUT=5m asc notarization submit --file ./LargeApp.zip --wait

Notarization returns "Invalid" but signing looks correct

Fetch the developer log for specific issues:

asc notarization log --id "SUBMISSION_ID"

Common causes: unsigned nested binaries, missing hardened runtime, embedded libraries without timestamps.

Notes

• The asc notarization commands use the Apple Notary API v2, not xcrun notarytool.
• Authentication uses the same API key as other asc commands.
• Files are uploaded directly to Apple's S3 bucket with streaming (no full-file buffering).
• Files over 5 GB use multipart upload automatically.
• Always use --help to verify flags: asc notarization submit --help.